Shake the bottle well before using. Place nozzle under the tongue and push down on the pump to spray. For maximum absorption, hold spray under tongue for 30-90 seconds before swallowing.

Sesame oil and MCT oil: Sesame oil and MCT oil have been used as natural sources of oil carrier. Sesame oil is rich in triglycerides composed of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. linoleic, oleic) which after the action of enzymes, release those fatty acids known as sublingual penetration enhancers for several active pharmaceutical compounds. MCT oil is also susceptible to hydrolysis and release caprylic (C8) and capric acids (C10) which also have demonstrated penetration enhancer properties. Fatty acids have been shown to enhance the permeation of several drugs through epitheliums demonstrated by DSC and FTIR to be related to an increase in the fluidity of intercellular lipids.

Peppermint essential oil / Menthol: Peppermint essential oil is essentially made of terpenes including more than 40% of menthol. Menthol has demonstrated penetration enhancer properties on the skin as well as in the buccal cavity. It is assumed that the natural terpene menthol facilitated the fraction of the drug crossing through the transcellular pathway, by enhancing the partition coefficient of some active ingredients.

Shojaei AH, Khan M, Lim G, Khosravan R. Transbuccal permeation of a nucleoside analog, dideoxycytidine: effects of menthol as a permeation enhancer. Int J Pharm1999;192:139-46
Coutel-Egros A, Maitani Y, Veillard M, Combined effects of pH, co-solvent and penetration enhancers on the in vitro buccal absorption of propranolol through excised hamster cheek pouch. Int J Pharm1992;84:117-28
Kitano M, Maitani Y, Takayama K, Nagai T. Buccal absorption through golden hamster cheek pouch in vitro and in vivo of 17beta-estradiol from hydrogels containing three types of absorption enhancers. Int J Pharm1998;174:19-28

Transcutol: Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (transcutol) has shown to enhance the permeation of essential oil components of Salvia desoleana through porcine buccal mucosa from microemulsion gels. Similarly to the skin, the former acts by inserting itself into the lipid bilayers and renders them more fluid; the latter changes the solubility parameter of the lipids and acts by improving drug solubility in the more hydrophilic area on the of the epithelium.

Harrison, J.E., Watkinson, A.C., Green, D.M. et al. The Relative Effect of Azone® and Transcutol® on Permeant Diffusivity and Solubility in Human Stratum Corneum. Pharm Res 13, 542–546 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016037803128
Ceschel GC, Maffei P, Moretti DL, Demontis S, Peana AT. (2000). In vitro permeation through porcine buccal mucosa of Salvia desoleana Atzei and Picci essential oil from topical formulations. Int J Pharm, 195:171–7.

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